Structure and NMR properties of the dinuclear complex di-µ-azido-κ4 N 1:N 1-bis-[(azido-κN)(pyridine-2-carboxamide-κ2 N 1,O)zinc(II)].

The new diamagnetic complex, [Zn2(N3)4(C6H6N2O)2] or [Zn2(pca)2(µ1,1-N3)2(N3)2] was synthesized using pyridine-2-carboxamide (pca) and azido ligands, and characterized using various techniques: IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the solid state, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in solution. The mol-ecule is placed on an inversion centre in space group P . The pca ligand chelates the metal centre via the pyridine N atom and the carbonyl O atom. One azido ligand bridges the two symmetry-related Zn2+ cations in the end-on coordination mode, while the other independent azido anion occupies the fifth coordination site, as a terminal ligand. The resulting five-coordinate Zn centres have a coordination geometry inter-mediate between trigonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal. The behaviour of the title complex in DMSO solution suggests that it is a suitable NMR probe for similar or isostructural complexes including other transition-metal ions. The diamagnetic nature of the complex is reflected in similar 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts for the free ligand pca as for the Zn complex.

Synthesis, Kinetic Study, and Spectroscopic Analysis of Peroxidase-like Pinch-Porphyrin Fe(III) Complexes.

In the present manuscript, we report the kinetic and spectroscopic analysis of six new pinch-porphyrins: protoporphyrin-picpenta 1, mesoporphyrin-picpenta 2, deuteroporphyrin-picpenta 3, protoporphyrin-picocta 4, mesoporphyrin-picocta 5, and deuteroporphyrin-picocta 6. The Michaelis-Menten enzymatic pathway and the guaiacol test confirmed the ability of the compounds to function like new peroxidase models. UV-vis, 1H NMR, and electron spin resonance studies are in accordance with porphyrin-Fe(III) molecules with the quantum phenomena called quantum mixed spin (qms, s = 3/2, s = 5/2). Importantly, the influence of the presence of the s = 3/2 spin state in the compounds and its critical role for the catalytic capacity is proven here, which was the original hypothesis in our research group. The compounds with higher populations of the s = 3/2 spin state have increased peroxidase activity.

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate.

The synthesis of 3,5-lutidine N-oxide dehydrate, 1, was achieved in the synthesis route of 2-amino-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. Ochiai first used the methodology for non-substituted pyridines in 1957 in a 12 h process, but no X-ray suitable crystals were obtained. The substituted ring used in the methodology presented here clearly influenced the addition of water molecules into the asymmetric unit, which confers a different nucleophilic strength in 1. The X-ray suitable crystal compound 1 was possible due to the stabilization of the negative charge in the oxygen by the presence of two water molecules where the hydrogen atoms donate positive charge into the ring; such water molecules serve well to construct a supramolecular interaction. The hydrated molecules may be possible for the alkaline system that is reached by adjusting the pH to 10. Importantly, the double methyl substituted ring and a reaction time of 5 h, makes it a more versatile method and with wider chemical applications for future ring insertions.

Crystal structure of 3,5-di-methyl-pyridine N-oxide dihydrate.

In the title compound, also known as 3,5-lutidine N-oxide dihydrate, C7H9NO·2H2O, the N-O bond is weakened due to the involvement of the O atom as an acceptor of hydrogen bonds from the two water mol-ecules of crystallization present in the asymmetric unit. Fused R35(10) ring motifs based on O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds form chains in the [010] direction, which are further connected by weak C-H⋯O inter-molecular contacts. As a result, the lutidine mol-ecules are stacked in an efficient manner, with π-π contacts characterized by a short separation of 3.569 (1) Šbetween the benzene rings.

Crystal structure of trans-N,N'-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hy-droxy-phen-yl)oxamide methanol monosolvate.

The here crystallized oxamide was previously characterized as an unsolvated species [Jímenez-Pérez et al. (2000 ▸). J. Organomet. Chem. 614-615, 283-293], and is now reported with methanol as a solvent of crystallization, C30H44N2O4·CH3OH, in a different space group. The introduction of the solvent influences neither the mol-ecular symmetry of the oxamide, which remains centrosymmetric, nor the mol-ecular conformation. However, the unsolvated mol-ecule crystallized as an ordered system, while many parts of the solvated crystal are disordered. The hy-droxy group in the oxamide is disordered over two chemically equivalent positions, with occupancies 0.696 (4):0.304 (4); one tert-butyl group is disordered by rotation about the C-C bond, and was modelled with three sites for each methyl group, each one with occupancy 1/3. Finally, the methanol solvent, which lies on a twofold axis, is disordered by symmetry. The disorder affecting hy-droxy groups and the solvent of crystallization allows the formation of numerous supra-molecular motifs using four hydrogen bonds, with N-H and O-H groups as donors and the oxamide and methanol mol-ecule as acceptors.

Spectroscopic and Kinetic Characterization of Peroxidase-Like π-Cation Radical Pinch-Porphyrin-Iron(III) Reaction Intermediate Models of Peroxidase Enzymes.

The spectroscopic and kinetic characterization of two intermediates from the H2O2 oxidation of three dimethyl ester [(proto), (meso), (deuteroporphyrinato) (picdien)]Fe(III) complexes ([FePPPic], [FeMPPic] and [FeDPPic], respectively) pinch-porphyrin peroxidase enzyme models, with s = 5/2 and 3/2 Fe(III) quantum mixed spin (qms) ground states is described herein. The kinetic study by UV/Vis at λmax = 465 nm showed two different types of kinetics during the oxidation process in the guaiacol test for peroxidases (1-3 + guaiacol + H2O2 → oxidation guaiacol products). The first intermediate was observed during the first 24 s of the reaction. When the reaction conditions were changed to higher concentration of pinch-porphyrins and hydrogen peroxide only one type of kinetics was observed. Next, the reaction was performed only between pinch-porphyrins-Fe(III) and H2O2, resulting in only two types of kinetics that were developed during the first 0-4 s. After this time a self-oxidation process was observed. Our hypotheses state that the formation of the π-cation radicals, reaction intermediates of the pinch-porphyrin-Fe(III) family with the ligand picdien [N,N'-bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-propane-1,3-diamine], occurred with unique kinetics that are different from the overall process and was involved in the oxidation pathway. UV-Vis, ¹H-NMR and ESR spectra confirmed the formation of such intermediates. The results in this paper highlight the link between different spectroscopic techniques that positively depict the kinetic traits of artificial compounds with enzyme-like activity.

At last! The single-crystal X-ray structure of a naturally occurring sample of the ilmenite-type oxide FeCrO3.

A natural single crystal of the ferrimagnetic oxide FeCrO3, which was found in an opencast mine situated in the San Luis Potosí State in Mexico, has been characterized in order to elucidate some outstanding issues about the actual structure of this material. The single-crystal X-ray analysis unambiguously shows that transition metal cations are segregated in alternating layers normal to the threefold crystallographic axis, affording a structure isomorphous to that of ilmenite (FeTiO3), in the space group R3̅. The possible occurrence of cation antisite and vacancy defects is below the limit of detection available from X-ray data. Structural and magnetic results are in agreement with the coherent slow intergrowth of magnetic phases provided by the two antiferromagnetic corundum-type parent oxides Fe2O3 (hematite) and Cr2O3 (eskolaite). Our results are consistent with the most recent density functional theory (DFT) studies carried out on digital FeCrO3 [Sadat Nabi & Pentcheva (2011). Phys. Rev. B, 83, 214424], and suggest that synthetic samples of FeCrO3 might present a cation distribution different to that of the ilmenite structural type.

Inducing magnetic communication in caged dinuclear Co(II) systems.

The synthesis, structural, electronic and magnetic characterization of five dinuclear Co(II) azacryptand compounds (1-5) bridged through different ions are reported. The magnetic exchange interactions, 2J values, obtained from theoretical computations show that the variation of the intermetallic angles and distances lead to antiferromagnetic behaviours. Magneto-structural correlations show a trend, where the angles Co(II)-bridge-Co(II) closer to 180° favour an increase in the superexchange pathway leading to higher AF interaction values.

A candidate for a single-chain magnet: [Mn3(OAc)6(py)2(H2O)2]n (OAc is acetate and py is pyridine).

The title complex, catena-poly[di-µ3-acetato-κ(6)O:O:O'-tetra-µ2-acetato-κ(4)O:O;κ(4)O:O'-diaquabis(pyridine-κN)trimanganese(II)], [Mn3(CH3COO)6(C6H5N)2(H2O)2]n, is a true one-dimensional coordination polymer, in which the Mn(II) centres form a zigzag chain along [010]. The asymmetric unit contains two metal centres, one of which (Mn1) lies on an inversion centre, while the other (Mn2) is placed close to an inversion centre on a general position. Since all the acetates behave as bridging ligands, although with different µ2- and µ3-coordination modes, a one-dimensional polymeric structure is formed, based on trinuclear repeat units (Mn1...Mn2...Mn2'), in which the Mn2 and Mn2' sites are related by an inversion centre. Within this monomeric block, the metal-metal separations are Mn1...Mn2 = 3.36180 (18) Šand Mn2...Mn2' = 4.4804 (3) Å. Cation Mn1, located on an inversion centre, displays an [MnO6] coordination sphere, while Mn2, on a general position, has a slightly stronger [MnO5N] ligand field, as the sixth coordination site is occupied by a pyridine molecule. Both centres approximate an octahedral ligand field. The chains are parallel in the crystal structure and interact via hydrogen bonds involving coordinated water molecules. However, the shortest metal-metal separation between two chains [5.3752 (3) Å] is large compared with the intrachain interactions. These structural features are compatible with a single-chain magnet behaviour, as confirmed by preliminary magnetic studies.

(Benzoato-κO)chlorido[(-)-sparteine-κN,N']zinc(II).

The title complex, [Zn(C(7)H(5)O(2))Cl(C(15)H(26)N(2))], used for the magnetic dilution of the analogous Cu(II) complex, was synthesized through a direct synthesis route. The coordination geometry around Zn(II) is best described as distorted tetra-hedral, the largest deviation arising from the (-)-sparteine ligand, as is invariably found in complexes containing this rather rigid mol-ecule. The benzoate anion behaves as a monodentate ligand, with a non-coordinating Zn⋯O separation of 2.969 (5) Å. Mol-ecules are packed in the crystal without significant inter-molecular inter-actions. The shortest Zn⋯Zn separation [6.8186 (7) Å] is observed between mol-ecules related through the 2(1) screw axis. This is an important feature for the magnetic behaviour of the Cu(II) analogue, which is intended for modeling isolated metal centers in the active site of type 1 blue copper proteins.

Bis{µ-2,2'-[(3-aza-pentane-1,5-di-yl)bis-(nitrilo-methyl-idyne)]diphenolato}dicopper(II) dimethyl sulfoxide disolvate.

The title compound, [Cu(2)(C(18)H(19)N(3)O(2))(2)]·2C(2)H(6)OS or [Cu(2)(SalenN(3)H)(2)]·2DMSO, where SalenN(3)H is the multidentate Schiff base 2,2'-[(3-aza-pentane-1,5-di-yl)bis-(nitrilo-methyl-idyne)]diphenolate dianion and DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide, is a solvated dinuclear Cu(II) complex. The neutral complex is built from two Cu(SalenN(3)H) units related by an inversion center. All heteroatoms in the Schiff bases coordinate the Cu(II) ions, which display highly distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometries. The solvent mol-ecules are located in the structural voids of the complex and are disordered over two positions with occupancies of 0.642 (15) and 0.358 (15). The previously characterized acetone disolvate of the same complex presents identical mol-ecular and crystal structures, and crystallizes with cell parameters very close to those of the DMSO disolvate reported here.

Magnetic properties and crystal structure of a one-dimensional phase of tetrakis(mu2-benzoato-O,O')-bis(dimethyl sulfoxide)dicopper(II).

A new crystalline polymorphic phase of tetrakis(mu2-benzoato-O,O')-bis(dimethyl sulfoxide)dicopper(II) was obtained by direct synthesis, in space group P2(1)/n. The copper coordination is in a slightly distorted square pyramidal geometry with an intramolecular Cu...Cu distance of 2.6494(8) angstroms. The Cu-O distances of the two copper in a dimer are different, giving different chemical environments for each Cu ion. The crystal structure is built up of well-separated stacking columns oriented along the b-axis, with units uniformly spaced, producing a one-dimensional (1-D) zigzag chain through Cu(II)-S...S-Cu(II) interdimer interactions [S...S separation: 3.975(2) angstroms]. Magnetization measurements in the range 2-300 K indicate two magnetic orderings, at low temperature (T < 10 K) a weak ferromagnetic ordering is observed, and above this temperature an antiferromagnetic behavior takes place. ESR spectra at 300 and 77 K of a polycrystalline sample show the characteristic signal of zero-field with D = 0.354 cm(-1), consistent with a ferromagnetic Cu...Cu exchange interaction at low temperature.

New pinch-porphyrin complexes with quantum mixed spin ground state S=3/2,5/2 of iron (III) and their catalytic activity as peroxidase.

New complexes of the pinch-porphyrin family were obtained from the dimethylester of (proto-, meso-, and deutero-porphyrinato)iron(III) with the ligand [N,N'-bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-propane-1,3-diamine] 1-3 and with the ligand [N-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-N'-[3-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-propyl]-propane-1,3-diamine] 4-6. The UV/VIS studies of 1-6 indicate an increase in the distortion of the ligand field excited state. The 1H NMR spectra of 1-6 at RT and over the range 223-328 K show iron(III)-complexes with quantum mixed spin state (qms) S=5/2, S=3/2. The chemical shifts of the meso protons are consistent with qms state S=3/2, S=5/2, where the S=3/2 spin state is lowest in energy. For methyl-heme the chemical shifts are also consistent with a qms state but now the S=5/2 ground state is lowest in energy. ESR spectra of 1-6 show two different species, B and C, of iron(III) with qms, S=5/2, S=3/2 consistent with the 1H NMR results. Species B with 70% of S=5/2 and species C with 72.5% of S=3/2. The catalytic activity as peroxidase of 1-6 was quantified by guaiacol test; their theoretical maximum rate constants were k(cat) approximately 10(2)-10(3) M(-1) s(-1). A quantitative empirical correlation is found: the higher the 32 spin contribution to the qms state and the higher proportion of this species into the samples, the higher the peroxidase activity. Such a correlation was also obtained for pinch-porphyrins already reported.

The triclinic polymorph of dibromo[(-)-sparteine-kappa2N,N']zinc(II).

The title compound, [ZnBr(2)(C(15)H(26)N(2))], when synthesized starting from Zn(0), is obtained in two polymorphic forms, one belonging to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) and one to P1. The present contribution deals with the triclinic phase, which is isostructural with the orthorhombic form but presents a larger metal-metal intermolecular separation; the Zn.Zn distance is 7.4715 (6) A for the triclinic polymorph as opposed to 6.534 A for the orthorhombic polymorph.